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  <h1 class="h11">外篇 卷四十四 酒诫</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>抱朴子曰：目之所好，不可从也；耳之所乐，不可顺也；鼻之所喜，不可任也；口之所嗜，不可随也；心之所欲，不可恣也。故惑目者，必逸容鲜藻也；惑耳者，必妍音婬声也；惑鼻者，必草臣蕙芬也；惑口者，必珍羞嘉旨也；惑心者，必势利功名也。五者毕惑，则或承之祸为身患者，不亦信哉！</p><p>是以智者严櫽括於性理，不肆神以逐物，检之以恬愉，增之以长算。其抑情也，剧乎堤防之备决；其御性也，过乎腐辔之乘奔。故能内保永年，外免衅累也。盖饥寒难堪者也，而清节者不纳不义之谷帛焉；困贱难居者也，而高尚者不处危乱之荣贵焉。盖计得则能忍之心全矣，道胜则害性之事弃矣。</p><p>夫酒醴之近味，生病之毒物，无毫分之细益，有丘山之巨损，君子以之败德，小人以之速罪，耽之惑之，鲜不及祸。世之士人，亦知其然，既莫能绝，又不肯节，纵心口之近欲，轻召灾之根源，似热渴之恣冷，虽适己而身危也。小大乱丧，亦罔非酒。</p><p>然而俗人是酣是湎，其初筵也，抑抑济济，言希容整，咏《湛露》之“厌厌”，歌“在镐”之“恺乐”，举“万寿”之觞，育“温 克”之义。日未移晷，体轻耳热。夫琉璃海螺之器并用，满酌罚余之令遂急。醉而不止，拔辖投井。</p><p>於是口涌鼻溢，濡首及乱。屡舞跹跹，舍其坐迁；载号载呶，如沸如羹。或争辞尚胜，或哑哑独笑，或无对而谈，或呕吐几筵，或值厥足良倡，或冠脱带解。</p><p>贞良者流华督之顾眄，怯懦者效庆忌之蕃捷，迟重者蓬转而波扰，整肃者鹿踊而鱼跃。口讷於寒暑者，皆摇掌而谱声，谦卑而不竞者，悉裨瞻以高交 。廉耻之仪毁，而荒错之疾发；阘茸之性露，而傲佷之态出。</p><p>精浊神乱，臧否颠倒。或奔车走马，赴阬谷而不惮，以九折之阪为虫岂封；或登危蹋颓，虽堕坠而不觉，以吕梁之渊为牛迹也。或肆仇於器物，或酗醟於妻子；加枉酷於臣仆，用剡锋乎六畜；炽火烈於室庐，掊宝玩於渊流；迁威怒於路人，加暴害於士友。亵严主以夷戮者，有矣；犯凶人而受困者，有矣。</p><p>言虽尚辞，烦而叛理；拜伏徒多，劳悲非敬。臣子失礼於君亲之前，幼贱悖慢於耆宿之坐。谓清谈为诋詈，以忠告为侵己。於是白刃抽而忘思难之虑，棒杖奋而罔顾乎前後。构漉血之雠，招大辟之祸。</p><p>以少凌长，则乡党 加重责矣；辱人父兄，则子弟将推刃矣；发人所讳，则壮士不能堪矣；计数深克，则醒者不能恕矣。起众患於须臾，结百疒阿於膏肓。奔驷不能追既往之悔，思改而无自反之蹊。盖智者所深防，而愚人所不免也。其为祸败，不可胜载。</p><p>然而欢集，莫之或释，举白盈耳，不论於能否。计沥雨留於小余，以稽迟为轻己。倾匡注於所敬，殷勤变而成保劝之不持，督之不尽，怨色丑音所由而发也。</p><p>夫风经府藏，使人惚怳，及其剧者，自伤自虞。或遇斯疾，莫不忧惧，吞苦忍痛，欲其速愈。至於醉之病性，何异於兹。而独居密以逃风，不能割情以节酒。若畏酒如畏风，憎醉如憎病，则荒沈之咎塞，而流连之失止矣。夫风之为疾，犹展攻治，酒之为变，在乎呼吸。及其闷乱，若存若亡，视泰山如弹丸，见沧海如盘盂，仰嚾天堕，俯呼地陷，卧待虎狼，投井赴火，而不谓恶也。夫用身之如此，亦安能惜敬恭之礼，护喜怒之失哉！</p><p>昔仪狄既疏，大禹以兴。糟丘酒池，辛癸以亡。丰侯得罪，以戴尊衔怀。景升荒坏，以三雅之爵。刘松烂肠，以逃暑之饮。郭珍发狂，以无日不醉。信陵之凶短，襄子之乱政，赵武之失众，子反之诛戮，汉惠之伐命，灌夫之灭族，陈遵之遇害，季布之疏斥，子建之免退，徐邈之禁言，皆是物也。世人好之乐之者甚多，而戒之畏之者至少，彼众我寡，良箴安施？且愿君节之而已。</p><p>曩既年荒谷贵，人有醉者相杀，牧伯因此辄有酒禁，严令重申，官司搜索，收执榜徇者相辱，制鞭而死者太半。防之弥峻，犯者至多。至乃穴地而酿，油囊怀酒。民之好此，可谓笃矣。余以匹夫之贱，托此空言之书，未如之何矣。</p><p>又临民者虽设其法，而不能自断斯物，缓己急人，虽令不从，弗躬弗亲，庶民弗信。以此而教，教安得行；以此而禁，禁安得止哉？沽卖之家，废业则困，遂修饰赂遗，依凭权右，所属吏不敢问。无力者独止，而有势者擅市。张炉专利，乃更倍售，从其酤买，公行靡惮，法轻利重，安能免乎哉？</p><p>或人难曰：“夫夏桀殷纣之亡，信陵汉惠之残，声色之过，岂唯酒乎！以其生患於古，而断之於今，所谓以褒姒丧周，而欲人君废六宫，以阿房之危秦，而使王者结草庵也。盖闻昊天表酒旗之宿，坤灵挺空桑之化，燎祡员丘，瘗薶圻泽，祼鬯仪彝，寘降神祇，酒为礼也。</p><p>千锺百觚，尧舜之饮也。唯酒无量，仲尼之能也。姬旦酒肴不撤，故能制礼作乐。汉高婆娑巨醉，故能斩蛇鞠旅。於公引满一斛，而断狱益明。管辂倾仰三斗，而清辩绮粲。扬云酒不离口，而《太玄》乃就。子圉醉无所识，而霸功以举。一瓶之醪倾，而三军之众悦。解毒之觞行，而盗马之属感。消忧成礼，策勋饮至，降神合人，非此莫以也。内速诸父，外将嘉宾，如淮如渑，《春秋》所贵。由斯言之，安可诫乎？”</p><p>抱朴子答曰：“酒旗之宿，则有之矣。譬犹悬象著明，莫大乎日月；水火之原，於是在焉。然节而宣之，则以养生立功；用之失适，则焚溺而死。岂可恃悬象之在天，而谓水火不杀人哉？宜生之具，莫先於食；食之过多，实结症瘕。况於酒醴之毒物乎！</p><p>夫使彼夏桀殷纣信陵汉惠荒流於亡国之婬声，沈溺於倾城之乱色，皆由乎酒熏其性，醉成其势，所以致极情之失，忘修饰之术者也。我论其本，子识其末，谓非酒祸，祸其安出？是独知猛雨之沾衣，而不知云气之所作；唯患飞埃之糁目，而不觉飚风之所为也。</p><p>“千锺百斛，不经之言，不然之事，明者不信矣。夫圣人之异自才智，至於形骸非能兼人，有七尺三丈之长，万倍之大也。一日之饮，安能至是？仲尼则畏性之变，不敢及乱。周公则终日百拜，肴乾酒澄。上圣战战，犹且若斯，况乎庸人，能无悔乎？</p><p>汉高应天，承运革命，向虽不醉，犹当斩蛇。於公聪达，明於听断，小大以情，不失枉直。是以刑不滥加，世无怨民。但其健饮，不即废事。若论大醉，亦俱无知。决疑之才，何赖於酒？未闻皋繇甫侯子产释之，醉乃折狱也。</p><p>管辂年少，希当剧谈，故假酒势以助胆气。若过其量，亦必迷错。及其刺毫厘於爻卦，索鬼神之变化，占气色以决盛衰，聆鸣鸟以知方来，候风云而克吉凶，观碑柏而识祸福，岂复须酒，然後审之？</p><p>扬云通人，才高思远，英瞻之富，禀之自天，岂藉外物，以助著述？及其数饮，由於偶好；亦或有疾，以宜药势耳。子圉肆志，盖已素定。虽复不醉，亦於终果。瓶醪悦众，寓言之喻。诚能赏罚允当，威恩得所，长算纵横，应机无方，则士思果毅，人乐奋命。其不然也，虽流酒渊，何补胜负？缪公饮盗，造次之权，舍法长恶，何足多称哉！岂如慎之邪？</p> </div>
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